§ 407.010. Parking And Loading.

A. 

Intent. It is the intent of this Section is to:

1. 

Emphasize the importance of site access from a variety of modes of transportation wherever appropriate.

2. 

Provide the optimal amount of vehicle parking for individual sites, recognizing that both too little parking and too much parking create negative impacts.

3. 

Ensure the appropriate site location and design features that mitigate the impact of parking on the public realm and urban design goals for a district or adjacent sites.

4. 

Reduce or minimize runoff from surface parking.

5. 

Promote efficient site design and avoid the need to dedicate areas of individual and adjacent sites to underutilized or redundant vehicle parking.

B. 

Applicability. The standards of this Section shall apply to:

1. 

All new site plans or development applications.

2. 

Any change of use or expansion of an existing use, except that the application shall only be responsible for the additional parking required for that use, and any existing deficiencies may be credited at the directors discretion.

3. 

The location, design and screening standards shall apply to all new parking areas, and to renovations and expansions of existing parking to the extent practical. Except when more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the parking capacity or more than fifty percent (50%) of the area is being altered, full compliance shall be required.

4. 

For infill and rehabilitation projects, the Community Development Director may waive the applicability of this Section where these standards would result in less than ten percent (10%) additional parking requirements.

C. 

Required Parking.

1. 

Minimum Vehicle Parking. Off-street vehicle parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with Schedule A, B, and C.

[Ord. No. 4795, 2-19-2019]

Schedule A: Off-Street Parking
Use Type		Required Space
Residential Uses
	Assisted living	1 per dwelling unit
	Duplex	2 per dwelling unit
	Group home	1 per employee, plus 1 per 4 residents
	Group residential	1 per 2 residents
	Manufactured housing unit	2 per dwelling unit
	Mobile home	2 per dwelling unit
	Multi-family	1 per efficiency unit, 1.5 per 1-bedroom unit, and 2 per two- or more bedroom units
	Single-family, attached	2 per dwelling unit
	Single-family detached	2 per dwelling unit
Public, Quasi-Public And Commercial Uses
	Adult entertainment establishment	1 per 75 square feet
	Airport or airstrip	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Animal care, general	1 per 400 square feet
	Animal care, limited	1 per 300 square feet
	Auditorium or stadium	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Bank or financial institution	1 per 200 square feet, plus stacking spaces per Section 407.010(F)
	Bar or tavern	1 per 75 square feet
	Car wash	Stacking spaces per Section 407.010(F)
	Cemetery	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Club, private	1 per 4 persons capacity
	College or university	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Construction sales and service	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Convalescent care	1 per 4 beds patient capacity, plus 1 per 2 employees
	Correctional facility	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Cultural service	1 per 500 square feet
	Day care (limited, general, commercial)	1 per employee, plus 1 per 10 pupils
	Funeral home	1 per 4-person capacity
	Golf course	4 per hole, plus spaces required for restaurant and bar area
	Government service	1 per 300 square feet
	Health club	1 per 200 square feet
	Heliport or helipad	None
	Hospital	1 per 4 beds patient capacity, plus 1 per 2 employees
	Hotel or motel	1 per guest room, plus 1 per 10 guest rooms, plus required spaces for restaurant, assembly and other uses within hotel/motel
	Library	1 per 500 square feet
	Marina	1 per boat slip
	Medical service	1 per 200 square feet
	Military service	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Mobile home sales	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Office, general	1 per 300 square feet, but in no case shall parking be provided at greater than 1 space per 200 square feet
	Parks and recreation	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Post office	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Recreation and entertainment, indoor	1 per 3 seats (theaters) 1 per 400 square feet (other)
	Recreation and entertainment, outdoor	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Recreational vehicle park	1 per camping space
	Religious assembly	1 per 4 seats
	Repair service	1 per 400 square feet
	Research service	1 per 300 square feet
	Restaurant, fast-food	1 per 75 square feet of customer service or dining area; 1 per 200 square feet if no customer service or dining area, plus stacking spaces per Section 407.010(F)
	Restaurant, general	1 per 150 square feet for first 2,500 square feet, plus 1 per 100 square feet over 2,500 square feet
	Retail sales and service	1 - 2,000 square feet = 1 per 400 square feet 2,001 - 25,000 square feet = 1 per 200 square feet 25,001 - 400,000 square feet = 1 per 250 square feet 400,001 - 600,000 square feet = 1 per 225 square feet 600,001 + square feet = 1 per 200 square feet In no case shall parking for a retail development be provided so that more than 1 space per 200 square feet is exceeded
	Safety service	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	School, elementary, middle or high	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Service station	1 per service bay, plus 0.5 per pump
	Service station with mini-mart	0.5 per pump plus 1 space per 300 square feet of retail floor area
	Shooting range	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Studio, television or film	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Vehicle and equipment sales	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Vehicle/equipment storage yard	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Vehicle repair, general and limited	2 spaces per service bay; service bay is not a parking place, plus 1 space for each employee on the work shift containing the maximum number of employees
	Vocational school	1 per 3 students, plus 0.5 per faculty member
	Warehouse, residential storage	1 per 5 storage bays or 1 per 1,000 square feet, whichever produces less spaces
Manufacturing, Industrial And Extractive Uses
	Asphalt or concrete plant	1 per employee
	Basic industry	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Compost facility	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Food/bakery product manufacturing	1 per 1,000 square feet or 1 per employee, whichever results in more spaces
	Freight terminal	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Gas and fuel sales	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Gas and fuel storage	1 per employee
	Hazardous operation	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Landfill	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Laundry service	1 per 1,000 square feet or 1 per employee, whichever results in more spaces
	Manufacturing and assembly	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Mining or quarrying	1 per employee
	Oil or gas drilling	1 per employee
	Oil refining	1 per employee
	Printing and publishing	1 per 1,000 square feet or 1 per employee, whichever results in more spaces
	Recycling processing center	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Salvage yard	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Solid waste collection/processing	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Stockyard	1 per employee
	Transit facility	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule C
	Utility, major	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Utility, minor	None
	Warehousing and wholesale	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Welding or machine shop	1 per 1,000 square feet or 1 per employee, whichever results in more spaces
Agricultural Uses
	Agricultural processing	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Agricultural sales and service	Spaces to be provided pursuant to Schedule B
	Agriculture, general	None
	Agriculture, limited	None

Schedule B: Off-Street Parking
Activity		Required Spaces
Office or administrative area		1 per 300 square feet, but in no case greater than 1 space per 200 square feet
Indoor sales, service or display area		1 per 500 square feet, but in no case greater than 1 space per 400 square feet
Outdoor sales, service or display area (3,000 square feet in area or less)		1 per 750 square feet, but in no case greater than 1 space per 500 square feet
Outdoor sales, service or display area (over 3,000 square feet in area)		1 space per 1,000 square feet but in no case greater than 1 space per 750 square feet
	Motor vehicles and heavy equipment sales/storage	1 per 2,000 square feet
	Other sales/service/display	1 per 1,000 square feet
Indoor storage, warehousing, equipment servicing or manufacturing area		No to exceed 1 space per 1,000 square feet

Schedule C: Off-Street Parking

Schedule C uses have widely varying parking demand characteristics, making it impossible to specify a single off-street parking standard. A developer proposing to develop or expand a Schedule C use shall submit a parking study that provides justification for the number of off-street parking spaces proposed. The Director of Community Development shall review this study and any other traffic engineering and planning data that are relevant to the establishment of an appropriate off-street parking standard for the proposed use. A parking study shall include estimates of parking demand based on recommendations of the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) and data collected from uses or combinations of uses that are the same or comparable to the proposed use. Comparability shall be determined by density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location. The study shall document the source of data used to develop the recommendations. After reviewing the parking study, the Director of Community Development shall establish a minimum off-street parking standard for the proposed use.

The Director of Community Development and/or Planning Commission may allow for a Schedule A or Schedule B use to utilize the Schedule C parking study process to determine the minimum number of parking spaces to be provided for a particular use or development in instances where it is deemed necessary or beneficial to tailor the parking to the particular needs of the use or development based upon unique operational characteristics not normally considered under Schedule A or B requirements.

2. 

Computing Off-Street Parking And Loading Requirements.

a. 

Multiple Uses. Lots containing more than one (1) use shall provide parking and loading in an amount equal to the total of the requirements for all uses, except that the shared parking matrix in Section 407.010(D)(7) shall be used to convert the maximum parking limits.

b. 

Fractions. When the required spaces result in fractions, any fraction of one-half (1/2) or less shall be disregarded and any fraction of more than one-half (1/2) shall be rounded upward to the next highest whole number.

c. 

Area. All square footage-based parking and loading standards shall be computed on the basis of gross floor area, except where the parking schedules note otherwise.

d. 

Employees, Students And Occupant-Based Standards. Parking requirements based on the number of employees, students, residents or occupants, calculations shall be based on the largest number of persons working on any single shift, the maximum enrollment or the maximum fire-rated capacity, whichever is applicable and whichever results in the greater number of spaces.

e. 

Unlisted Uses. Uses not specifically listed in an off-street parking schedule shall use the required parking for the listed use deemed by the Director of Community Development to be most similar to the use proposed or require a parking study in accordance with Schedule C.

f. 

Off-Street Parking For Persons With Disabilities. Off-street parking facilities shall be designed and constructed in accordance with all requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards.

Editor's Note: See 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq.

3. 

Maximum Parking. No site shall provide more than twenty-five percent (25%) above the parking required by this Section. No site shall provide more than ten percent (10%) above the parking required by this Section without providing one (1) or more of the following mitigating design elements:

a. 

Additional open space of at least fifty percent (50%) of the excess area of parking, and designed to the standards of open space types in Section 406.030 or frontage types in Section 407.030, and located in a way to minimize the impact of parking on streetscapes and adjacent sites.

b. 

Design the excess space for dual purposes, as gathering space or other pedestrian-scale, landscape or urban design purposes generally, but accommodate limited or overflow parking at other times.

c. 

The surface of lesser used or overflow parking shall be designed as porous surface that allows stormwater to be infiltrated. Any porous surface shall demonstrate that it has the same or better performance standards than standard parking surfaces and be approved by the Director of Public Works who may require enhanced stormwater performance for the entire parking area. Porous surfaces should be designed according to the Mid America Regional Council and American Public Works Association Manual of Best Management Practices for Stormwater quality. A plan for routine and long term maintenance shall also be submitted to ensure the continued performance of the porous system.

d. 

The landscape material required by this Section shall be increased by fifteen percent (15%) and located in a way to minimize the impact of parking on streetscapes and adjacent sites.

4. 

Bicycle Parking. All non-residential or multi-family uses within one thousand (1,000) feet of a designated bicycle route shall provide the following bicycle parking spaces.

[Ord. No. 4585 § 7, 2-16-2016]

Table 407.010-1: Bicycle Parking
Activity	Required Spaces
Primary or secondary school	20% of the number of students and 3% of number of employees
Retail or office uses	10% of the required vehicle spaces up to 200 vehicle parking spaces Minimum of 20 bicycle parking spaces for any use having 200 or more vehicle parking spaces
Other institutional or entertainment uses	5% of the required vehicle spaces
Industrial uses	3% of the number of employees
Residential	1 per dwelling unit

5. 

Use Of Parking Area. Required parking areas shall be used solely for the parking of vehicles and shall not be used for the storage of vehicles, boats, motor homes, campers, mobile homes, inoperable vehicles or materials. Temporary uses, special events, and other seasonal site and building uses enabled by other Sections of this Code may allow alternative utilization of parking areas based on the standards and criteria of those Sections. Off-street or on-street parking of vehicles weighing more than six (6) tons or containing more than two (2) axles shall be prohibited in MF-18 and less intensive districts. This provision shall not prohibit temporary parking of vehicles making pickups or deliveries.

D. 

Parking Reductions. The parking required by Subsection(C) may be reduced depending on context, and according to the following strategies:

1. 

On-Street Parking Credit. All on-street parking within three hundred (300) feet of any lot frontage shall count towards the parking requirement at a rate of one (1) space for every two (2) on-street spaces.

2. 

Bicycle Parking Credit. All on-site bicycle parking designed and located according to the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals Bicycle Parking Guidelines may reduce the required vehicle parking at a rate of one (1) space for every four (4) bicycle parking spaces up to a maximum of twenty percent (20%) of the required vehicle parking.

3. 

Walkable Development Credit. All retail, service or institutional uses may reduce the required vehicle parking by:

a. 

Five percent (5%) if there are more than one thousand (1,000) dwelling units within one-half (1/2) mile, measured along the direct pedestrian connections; and

b. 

Ten percent (10%) for all sites fronting on an activity street as defined in Section 406.020(D).

4. 

Public Parking Credit. Any site within six hundred (600) feet of a public parking area may reduce the required vehicle parking at a rate of one (1) space for every three (3) public parking spaces.

5. 

Deferral Of Parking Space Requirements. A portion of the required parking may remain unimproved until the Planning Commission or the City Council deems it necessary to adequately serve parking demand. The Planning Commission or City Council, whichever is charged with granting final approval, shall determine that the initial occupancy of the premises will be adequately served by the lesser number of spaces and a site plan shall indicate the location, pattern and circulation to and from the deferred parking spaces. The area reserved for future parking shall be brought to finished grade and shall be landscaped, and it shall not be used for any permanent purpose or structure unless a revised site plan and parking plan is approved.

6. 

Off-Site Parking. Required parking spaces shall be located on the same lot as the use it is intended to serve, provided that the Director of Community Development may allow all or a portion of the required parking to be located on a separate lot subject to the following standards.

a. 

Ineligible Activities. Off-site parking shall not be used for residential uses, restaurants, bars or convenience stores and other convenience-oriented uses. Required parking for persons with disabilities shall not be located off-site.

b. 

Location. No off-site parking area shall be more than three hundred (300) feet from the site served, measured along the shortest legal, practical walking route. Off-site parking areas shall not be separated from the site by a street right-of-way with a width of more than eighty (80) feet unless a grade-separated pedestrian walkway is provided.

c. 

Zoning Classification. Off-site parking areas shall require the same or a more intensive zoning classification than that required for the use served.

d. 

Agreement For Off-Site Parking. Off-site parking areas under different ownership than the use served require a written agreement between the owners of record, in a form recommended by the Director of Community Development for recordation. Recordation of the agreement by the Register of Deeds is required before issuance of a building permit.

7. 

Shared Parking. Required parking may be reduced for any site containing multiple uses or for adjacent sites with different uses according to the following table. Any shared parking arrangement shall require an agreement among all landowners participating in the agreement to ensure access, joint use, maintenance, and other operational issues. A reduction program that differs from the table below may also be approved in association with the agreement upon preparation of the joint parking study for the sites and uses.

Table 407.010-2: Shared Parking
	Percentage Of Required Parking By Time Period
	Weekday		Weekend		All
Use	6:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M.	5:00 P.M. to 1:00 A.M.	6:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M.	5:00 P.M. to 1:00 A.M.	1:00 A.M. to 6:00 A.M.
Employment	100%	10%	5%	5%	5%
Retail or service	75%	75%	100%	90%	5%
Restaurant	50%	100%	75%	100%	25%
Entertainment and recreation	30%	100%	75%	100%	5%
Church	5%	25%	100%	50%	5%
School	100%	10%	10%	10%	5%
Dwellings	25%	90%	50%	90%	100%
Lodging	50%	90%	75%	100%	100%

E. 

Parking Design Standards.

1. 

Location, Scale And Landscape. All on-site parking shall be organized into parking blocks and arranged on the site to minimize the impact on streetscapes and adjacent lots, subject to the following table:

[Ord. No. 4585 § 8, 2-16-2016]

Table 407.010-3: Parking Location, Scale And Landscape
Spaces	Front	Side	Rear
	Between front building line and lot frontage	Behind front building line and rear building line	Behind front building line
251 or more	Prohibited: Must be broken into smaller parking blocks	Prohibited: Must be broken into smaller parking blocks	5% internal landscape and 12 feet perimeter buffer
151 to 250	Prohibited: Must be broken into smaller parking blocks	8% Internal landscape and 12 feet perimeter buffer	12 feet perimeter buffer
51 to 150	8% internal landscape and 12 feet perimeter buffer	8% Internal landscape and 6 feet perimeter buffer	8 feet perimeter buffer
26 to 50	5% internal landscape and 8 feet perimeter buffer	5% internal landscape and 6 feet perimeter buffer	No requirement
20 or fewer	5% internal landscaping and 8 feet perimeter buffer	5% internal landscape and 6 feet perimeter buffer	No requirement

•	Perimeter buffers and internal landscape shall meet the design and landscape standards in Section 407.040 and Table 407.040-5, and, where applicable, can be incorporated within the buffer required in Section 407.040.
•	In residential districts, any parking area for over 4 vehicles shall also meet the building setbacks for that district, or be setback at least 30 feet, whichever is greater. Additional setbacks and frontage requirements per zoning districts may place additional restrictions or prohibitions on parking in front of buildings or near streetscape.

2. 

Landscape Locations. Parking lot landscaping shall be reasonably dispersed throughout off-street parking areas.

3. 

Planting Areas. The interior dimensions of any planting area used to satisfy parking lot landscaping standards shall be sufficient to protect plant materials and to ensure proper growth. Planting areas that contain trees shall be at least seven (7) feet wide in each direction and provide at least one hundred and forty (140) square feet per tree.

4. 

Surfacing.

a. 

All off-street parking and loading areas, except those required for single-family or duplex uses, shall be surfaced with:

(1) 

Five (5) inches of concrete;

(2) 

Six (6) inches of asphalt; or

(3) 

Three (3) inches of asphalt combined with eight (8) inches of aggregate base and subgrade base.

b. 

Off-street parking areas serving single-family and duplex residences shall be graded and paved with an approved asphalt, concrete or paver brick. All passenger cars shall be parked on paved driveways or parking areas relating to a garage or carport.

5. 

Lighting. Any off-street parking area providing space for five (5) or more vehicles that are used after dark shall be provided with lights that provide at least an average of one-quarter (1/4) foot candle over the entire parking area measured on the ground surface within the parking area. Off-street parking areas in LI and HI Districts shall be exempt from the minimum lighting standard of this Subsection. Parking lot lighting shall be subject to the outdoor lighting standards of Section 407.060.

6. 

Drainage. All off-street parking and loading areas shall be designed according to the City of Blue Springs Design and Construction Manual. Drainage plans for off-street parking and loading areas shall be reviewed by the Director of Public Works.

7. 

Curbing. The perimeter of all off-street parking and loading areas, their access drives and internal islands shall be curbed, with the exception of driveways for single-family and duplex residences. As an alternative to curbed edges on the perimeter and landscape islands, the Director of Public Works may approve alternate edges as part of an overall stormwater management plan for the parking area.

8. 

Striping. Off-street parking areas containing five (5) or more spaces shall be delineated by pavement striping.

9. 

Dimensions. Required off-street parking spaces shall be designed according to the following table. If angles not shown in the table, required parking space dimensions shall be interpolated from the table.

Table 407.010-4: Parking Area Design
Parking Angle	Stalls Served By Aisle	Traffic Flow	Stall Width (A) (feet)	Stall Length (B) (feet)	Aisle Width (C) (feet)
90°	One or both sides	One- or two-way	8.5	18.5	28
			8		26
			9.5		25
45°	One side	One-way	8.5	18.5	13
			8		12
			9.5		11
45°	Both sides	One-way	8.5	18.5	13
			8		12
			9.5		11
45°	Both sides	Two-way	8.5	18.5	26
			8		25
			9.5		24

This table shows common parking configurations. Base on different site contexts, different parking angles and dimensions may be used to minimize the parking footprint and better meet the intent of this Section, if based on established site plan guidance, such as Planning and Urban Design Standards, American Planning Association.

F. 

Stacking Spaces For Drive-Throughs. In addition to meeting the parking requirements of this Section, drive-through facilities shall comply with the following minimum stacking space standards.

1. 

Stacking Space Schedule. The minimum number of stacking spaces required shall be as follows.

Table 407.010-5: Drive-Through Stacking
Use	Minimum Spaces	Measured From
Bank teller lane	4	Teller or window
Automated teller machine	3	Teller
Restaurant drive-through	8	Order box*
Car wash stall, automatic	6	Entrance
Car wash stall, self-service	3	Entrance
Other	Determined by Traffic Engineer based on traffic study
Gasoline pump island	One stacking space per pump which can be located in a drive aisle if the aisle is a minimum of 30 feet wide

*	A minimum of four (4) vehicle que from the pick-up window to the order box shall be provided.

2. 

Design And Layout. Stacking spaces shall be subject to the following design and layout standards.

a. 

Stacking spaces shall be a minimum of eight (8) feet by twenty (20) feet in size.

b. 

Stacking spaces shall comply with the parking location and design standards of Subsection (E).

c. 

Stacking spaces shall be designed so as not to impede on- and off-site traffic movements or movements into or out of parking spaces.

d. 

Stacking spaces shall be separated from other internal driveways with raised medians or alternative separation as deemed necessary by the Director of Public Works for traffic movement or safety.

G. 

Off-Street Loading. Off-street loading spaces shall be provided in accordance with the following minimum standards.

Table 407.010-6: Minimum Off-Street Loading Requirement
Floor Area	Number Of Spaces
Retail and Service, Warehouse, Wholesale, Manufacturing Uses
3,000 to 25,000	1
25,001 to 85,000	2
85,001 to 155,000	3
155,001 to 235,000	4
235,001 to 325,000	5
325,001 to 425,000	6
425,001 to 535,000	7
535,001 to 655,000	8
655,001 to 775,000	9
775,001 to 925,000	10
925,001+	10 + 1 per 200,000 square feet above 925,000
Office, Nursing Home, Hospital, Hotels, Institutions
3,000 to 100,000	1
100,001 to 335,000	2
335,001 to 625,000	3
625,001 to 945,000	4
945,001 to 1,300,000	5
1,300,001 to 1,800,000	6
1,800,001+	6 + 1 per 500,000 square feet above 1,800,000

R.O. 1996 § 407.010; Ord. No. 4558 § 1, 8-3-2015